What role does the hormone progesterone play in the menstrual cycle?

The hormone progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterine lining for potential pregnancy. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone, which causes the uterine lining (endometrium) to thicken and secrete nutrients, creating a suitable environment for a fertilized egg to implant. This phase, known as the luteal phase, is vital because it ensures that if conception occurs, the uterine lining is well-prepared to support early embryonic development.

If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels will drop, leading to the breakdown of the uterine lining and the eventual onset of menstruation. However, the key function of progesterone in relation to the menstrual cycle is its role in maintaining the uterine environment for possible implantation and pregnancy, making it essential for reproductive health.