What role does luteinizing hormone (LH) play in the menstrual cycle?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, particularly in triggering ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. After a period of follicular growth, which is stimulated by other hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a surge in LH levels marks a pivotal moment in the cycle. This LH surge leads to the final maturation of the ovarian follicle and induces ovulation, typically occurring around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle.

Following this event, LH also contributes to the formation of the corpus luteum from the remnants of the ruptured follicle, which subsequently produces progesterone. Progesterone is vital for preparing the uterine lining for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. While other hormones are involved in regulating the growth of follicles and maintaining the uterine lining, LH's primary and most significant role within the context of the menstrual cycle is indeed the initiation of ovulation.