What is the main risk factor for developing gestational diabetes?

The main risk factor for developing gestational diabetes is obesity. Individuals who are obese have a higher likelihood of insulin resistance, which can lead to elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Obesity is associated with various metabolic changes that increase the risk of gestational diabetes. Specifically, excess body fat, especially in the abdominal region, contributes to the body's inability to effectively use insulin, which is crucial during the metabolic demands of pregnancy.

While age over 35, family history of diabetes, and low physical activity are also considered risk factors for gestational diabetes, they do not have as strong a direct correlation with its development compared to obesity. The interplay of being overweight and hormonal changes during pregnancy creates a significant risk environment for the onset of this condition. Thus, addressing obesity through lifestyle modifications before and during pregnancy can be an important strategy for reducing the risk of gestational diabetes.