What is the main purpose of a Pap smear?

The primary purpose of a Pap smear is to screen for cervical cancer. This test involves collecting cells from the cervix to examine for any abnormalities that might indicate the presence of precancerous changes or cervical cancer. Early detection through routine Pap smears has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer.

Regular screening, typically recommended for women starting at age 21 and continuing through the age of 65, helps identify changes in cervical cells caused by HPV (human papillomavirus), which is the main risk factor for cervical cancer. This proactive approach in identifying abnormal cell changes allows for timely intervention and treatment, ultimately aiming to prevent cervical cancer from developing.

The other options relate to different aspects of women's health. Diagnosing ovarian cancer requires different tests and methods, including imaging and possibly blood tests (e.g., CA-125), rather than a Pap smear. Assessing ovulation typically involves tracking menstrual cycles, hormone levels, or other ovulatory signs, none of which are evaluated through a Pap smear. Detecting menopause is also unrelated to the objectives of a Pap smear, as menopause is assessed through symptom reporting and possibly hormone level testing, not through cervical cell examination.