What is the first-line treatment for infertility caused by anovulation?

Clomiphene citrate is considered the first-line treatment for infertility caused by anovulation due to its mechanism of action and effectiveness. Anovulation is often related to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or other hormonal imbalances that prevent the release of an egg. Clomiphene citrate works by stimulating the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to produce hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This hormonal cascade ultimately promotes ovarian follicle development and ovulation.

In instances of anovulatory infertility, targeting the underlying issue of ovulation through pharmacological means is crucial, as successful ovulation typically leads to improved chances of conception. The favorable profile of clomiphene citrate—its oral administration, cost-effectiveness, and established safety—also contributes to its status as a preferred first-line therapeutic option.

Other treatments such as intrauterine insemination or surgical intervention may be indicated in specific circumstances but are typically pursued after pharmacologic treatments like clomiphene citrate, especially when it is determined that ovulation induction is necessary. Hormone replacement therapy primarily addresses hormonal