What does the term "teratogen" refer to?

The term "teratogen" specifically refers to any substance or factor that can cause malformation or abnormal development in an embryo or fetus. Teratogens can include a variety of agents such as drugs, chemicals, infections, and certain maternal health conditions that can negatively impact fetal development. The effects can range from mild malformations to severe physical and intellectual disabilities.

Understanding teratogens is crucial in obstetrics and reproductive health, as exposure during critical periods of fetal development can lead to significant congenital anomalies. For instance, certain medications, alcohol, and some infectious diseases are known to carry teratogenic risks, which is why physicians emphasize the importance of avoiding harmful substances during pregnancy. This knowledge assists healthcare providers in advising their patients about potential risks and in promoting a healthy environment for fetal development.