What does the hCG hormone do during early pregnancy?

The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone plays a critical role in early pregnancy, particularly in maintaining the corpus luteum. After fertilization, the developing embryo produces hCG, which helps sustain the corpus luteum—the structure formed from the ovarian follicle after ovulation. The primary function of the corpus luteum is to secrete progesterone, a hormone essential for maintaining the uterine lining and providing an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo.

By stimulating the corpus luteum, hCG ensures a continued production of progesterone until the placenta is adequately developed and can take over this hormonal function. Without sufficient levels of progesterone, the uterine lining may not be maintained, which can lead to miscarriage.

In contrast, other options do not accurately describe the primary function of hCG during early pregnancy. Boosting appetite, regulating blood pressure, and increasing maternal milk production are not direct actions associated with hCG. Instead, these roles are influenced by other hormones and physiological processes in the body.