How does an ultrasound appear in a patient with Polycystic ovarian syndrome?

An ultrasound findings in a patient with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) typically shows a characteristic appearance referred to as a "string of pearls" or "oyster ovaries." This visual representation is due to the presence of multiple small cysts, or follicles, located around the periphery of the ovaries. These cysts usually measure between 2-9 mm and may appear as small, fluid-filled sacs on the ultrasound.

The "string of pearls" phenomenon is a distinct and defining feature of PCOS, helping in the differential diagnosis of the condition. Clinicians often look for this characteristic pattern when assessing a patient suspected of having PCOS, alongside other symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles and signs of hyperandrogenism.

In contrast, while solid masses, complex cysts, and normal ovarian sizes are all possible ultrasound findings, they do not specifically represent the typical presentation of PCOS. In solid masses, rather than small cysts, there would be denser tissue found on the ultrasound, which is not typical for PCOS. Complex cysts consist of larger or more complicated structures and could indicate other pathological conditions. Normal ovarian size does not correlate with the hormonal and symptomatic irregularities observed in PCOS and does